The present study aimed to investigate the effects of open-skill and closed-skill sports on inhibitory control in children aged 10–12 years. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and a control group. The statistical population consisted of children aged 10–12 years who were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: an open-skill sport group (volleyball), a closed-skill sport group (gymnastics), and a control group. Inhibitory control was assessed using the Go/No-Go task, and the variables of commission errors, inhibition, and reaction time were measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and mixed-design analysis of variance (Mixed ANOVA) in SPSS software at a significance level of 0.05. The results indicated that the main effect of time was significant for commission errors and inhibition, demonstrating that children's performance improved from pre-test to post-test, accompanied by a reduction in errors. However, the effect of time on reaction time was not significant. Furthermore, no significant differences were found among the open-skill sport, closed-skill sport, and control groups regarding inhibitory control variables, and the interaction effect of time × group was not significant for most measures. These findings suggest that regular participation in physical activity can enhance inhibitory control in children; however, the type of sport, whether open-skill or closed-skill, does not appear to play a determining role in the magnitude of this improvement.